Results from this study demonstrate a significant increase in risk of opioid overdose in patients exposed to combinations of sedative-hypnotics with opioids compared to those only taking opioids.
Significant risk factors for opioid overdose included exposure to all three medication classes, higher opioid dosage strengths, elderly age (age ≥ 65 years), history of previous overdose, and substance use disorder. Those exposed to opioids and benzodiazepines were 20% more likely to have an opioid-related overdose than those exposed to opioids only ( p < 0.0001).
Patients exposed to opioids, benzodiazepines, and non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotics at any point during their follow-up were 60% more likely to overdose than those who were only exposed to opioids ( p < 0.0001). Key ResultsĪ total of 2,241,530 patients were included in this study. Inpatient or emergency department admissions due to opioid-related overdose. New start adult users of opioids, defined as naïve to opioids for 6 months, in Kaiser Permanente California regions from January 2013 through September 2017. To identify other factors that are associated with increased risk for opioid overdose. To estimate the risk of opioid overdose associated with opioid users exposed to various combinations of opioid, benzodiazepine, and non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic therapy. Further research is needed to confirm the findings and analyze contributing risk factors for opioid overdoses in a large commercially insured population.
Concurrent use of benzodiazepines in opioid users has been linked to a higher risk of an emergency room visit or inpatient admission for opioid overdose and death from drug overdose.
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